Viral meningitis is more common in children than adults. The symptoms are milder in comparison to cases wherein the inflammation of the meninges is a result of a bacterial infection. The following article provides information on the symptoms and treatment of this condition.
The term ‘meningitis’ refers to the inflammation of meninges, which are three membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord. The inflammation could occur due to an infection caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. The infection is considered to be more serious when the causal agent is a bacterium. Though viral meningitis usually resolves in a couple of weeks without any treatment, it’s always better to seek medical help.
Causal Agents
Studies suggest that about 30% of the cases in the United States, wherein the meninges are inflamed due to a virus, are caused by Enteroviruses. These pathogens tend to spread more in late summer and early fall. Apart from these, Herpes simplex virus and West Nile virus have also been found to be the causal agents.
Symptoms
Note that the symptoms of viral meningitis in children, are no different from the symptoms experienced by affected adults. However, there are some which may be specific to small children. Common symptoms include high fever, excessive headache, difficulty concentrating, excessive sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, seizures attack, and increased sensitivity to bright light. They might also have the feeling of stiffness in their neck. They might lose interest in eating.
Affected children may not be able to maintain eye contact. All these symptoms may also occur in case of inflammation that is caused by bacteria. However, symptoms such as sore throat, diarrhea, joint pain, and headache are known to indicate a case of inflammation of meninges that is caused by the Enteroviruses. These symptoms might not affect newborns. Those which do occur may include high fever, constant crying, sluggishness, poor feeding, increased irritability, bulge in the baby’s head, stiffness in his/her neck or body, or seizures.
Treatment Options
As mentioned earlier, the condition resolves on its own. Most people do not require any kind of treatment, except rest, increased intake of fluids including water, and the use of OTC pain medications for managing body aches and pain. However, in some cases patients may be prescribed with antiviral medication. In cases wherein the cause has not been diagnosed, the doctor may recommend antibiotic or antiviral treatment, before the causal pathogen has been identified.
Prevention is always better than cure. So, parents must educate their children about the importance of keeping their hands clean, and following a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Also, covering the mouth while sneezing would reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to others.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is solely for educating the reader. It is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a medical expert.
