Red blood cell count implies the number of red blood cells present per unit volume of blood. The following article provides the normal values, as well as the indications of low and high red blood cell counts.
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are the blood cells that serve to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. They are produced in the bone marrow, and then released into the bloodstream. Red blood cell count refers to a blood test that determines the concentration of RBCs in blood, as well as analyzes their shape and size.
Normal RBC Count
The normal range for RBC count in males is 4.2-5.7 million red blood cells/microliter of blood, and that in females is 4-5 million red blood cells/microliter of blood. For babies, the normal range is 3.8-5.5 million red blood cells/microliter of blood.
Low RBC Count
An RBC count that falls below the respective reference range indicates:
- Anemia
- Heavy bleeding
- Leukemia
- Poor nutrition (especially vitamin B12 or folate deficiency )
- Multiple myeloma
- Damage to the bone marrow
- Metabolic disorders
- Long-lasting inflammation
The concentration of RBCs may also reduce during pregnancy.
High RBC Count
Erythrocytosis is the name given to the condition where the red blood cell count is abnormally high. Factors which cause a high RBC count have been explained below.
- If the heart or the lungs do not function optimally, then, in order to compensate, the red blood cell production increases.
- The number of RBCs in blood may also increase if their oxygen-carrying capacity gets abnormally reduced.
- At higher altitudes, there is a dearth of oxygen. As a response to this, the body may produce more RBCs.
- The hormone that stimulates the production of RBCs is called erythropoietin, and is released by the kidneys. An excess production and release of this hormone can lead to an increase in RBC counts.
- Alterations in bone marrow, may lead to an abnormal production of RBCs.
- Reduction in plasma, the liquid component of blood, can reveal a high RBC concentration during the test.
The treatment for low and high RBC count would involve restoring the levels to their normal status. Knowing about the signs and symptoms of low and high RBC counts helps in early diagnosis of the underlying medical condition.
Disclaimer: This HealthHearty article is for informative purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice.
